This 4-step submission process will take you through a series of questions to ensure all required information is provided, so when your package arrives, samples are moved quickly to their testing section s.
Additionally, if you have multiple animals to test, there is an upload function which will save time. There is no specific treatment for West Nile encephalitis in horses. Supportive veterinary care is recommended. It is important to diagnose WNV because infection is an indication that mosquitoes carrying the virus are in the area and need to be controlled to reduce the infection potential in humans, horses, and other animals.
A WNV vaccine for horses is readily available from your veterinarian. Because it is impossible to distinguish between vaccinated and naturally infected horses with current testing methods, it is important that vaccination records be kept updated for each horse that receives the vaccine. Horses vaccinated against other viral diseases such as Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis and Equine herpesvirus are not protected against infection with West Nile Virus. Specific recommendations are:.
College of Veterinary Medicine. What is West Nile Fever? How is a horse infected with West Nile Virus? What are the clinical signs of West Nile Virus infection in individual horses? Most clinically affected horses exhibit general loss of appetite, depression and fever along with neurological signs such as ataxia stumbling, staggering, wobbly gait, or incoordination and any combination of the following: circling hind limb weakness recumbence or inability to stand multiple limb paralysis muscle fasciculation twitching altered mental state impaired vision lip droop inability to swallow hyper excitability It is important to note that not all horses with clinical signs of encephalitis have West Nile encephalitis.
How do I know if my horse has West Nile Fever? Depending on your location and individual horse, your veterinarian may also recommend additional vaccines.
Talk with your veterinarian to plan a strategic vaccination program, which you must maintain every year to ensure your horse is protected when mosquito season arrives. The WNV vaccines currently available require two initial doses three to six weeks apart in order to offer full protection. If you have a foal or young horse, your veterinarian can tell you the best timing for vaccination to start.
But the easy answer is to just go ahead and vaccinate," she emphasizes. In addition to annual vaccination, mosquito control is an extremely important part of protecting your horse from WNV.
Female mosquitoes are the ones that bite as they need a blood meal in order for eggs to develop. Those mosquitoes then lay their eggs in or around water, which makes standing water and damp areas prime breeding ground. There's no denying it. If you have horses, you have manure. When it comes to manure management, the biggest mistake horse owners make is not actually managing it.
Read more A feed-through horse fly control product such as Farnam's SimpliFly is a great first step when it comes to fighting flies. This unique product breaks the fly life cycle by stopping them before they even start! Read on to learn why and how you should add a feed-through product to your fly control program. The presence of WNV-specific IgM in blood or CSF provides good evidence of recent infection but may also result from cross-reactive antibodies after infection with other flaviviruses or from non-specific reactivity.
According to product inserts for commercially available WNV IgM assays, all positive results obtained with these assays should be confirmed by neutralizing antibody testing of acute- and convalescent-phase serum specimens at a state public health laboratory or CDC. WNV IgG antibodies generally are detected shortly after IgM antibodies and persist for many years following a symptomatic or asymptomatic infection. Therefore, the presence of IgG antibodies alone is only evidence of previous infection and clinically compatible cases with the presence of IgG, but not IgM, should be evaluated for other etiologic agents.
Plaque-reduction neutralization tests PRNTs performed in reference laboratories, including some state public health laboratories and CDC, can help determine the specific infecting flavivirus. PRNTs can also confirm acute infection by demonstrating a fourfold or greater change in WNV-specific neutralizing antibody titer between acute- and convalescent-phase serum samples collected 2 to 3 weeks apart.
Viral cultures and tests to detect viral RNA e. However, the likelihood of detecting a WNV infection through molecular testing is fairly low. Negative results of these tests do not rule out WNV infection.
0コメント